Developing Website and Blog for Caf Cuisine Essay

Developing Website and Blog for Caf Cuisine - Essay Example The website would provide information regarding the restaurant over the internet to the customers. Moreover, the Cafe Cuisine has decided the business model of business to consumer to be presented by the website. In order to market the website of the Cafe Cuisine has decided to have their appearance on one of the Blogs – a free web service. The document presents a justification of the business model adopted by the Cafe Cuisine and a detailed discussion on the processes required to develop the website of the Cafe Cuisine for establishing their e-business. The document provides justification for selection of the web contents as well as the contents published over the blog for attracting the customers. It is pertinent to identify, analyze and evaluate the issues pertain to the e-Business including the electronic transactions, the procurement channel, and the supply chain management. Considering the importance of evaluating the e-business issues on failure or success, the document provides a brief description of these issues. 2. Business Model Business models for the e-Commerce can be categorized into the various categories include but are not limited to the Business - to - Consumer (B 2 C), Business - to - Business (B 2 B), Consumer - to - Business (C 2 B) and Business - to - Government (B 2 G) (Lauden and Traver, 2012). From the given business models, the Cafe Cuisine has selected Business - to - Consumer (B 2 C) considering their type of business i-e provision of cooked food services to the customers. In Business to Consumer business model, the Cafe Cuisine would sell the food products directly to the customers or consumers. The website of the Cafe Cuisine would facilitate the consumers to visit/review the food products online while sitting at their own places, select and order the food products. The menu list of the Cafe Cuisine would be available over the website containing the food items and their prices. Once the consumer/customer selected and ordered for the food item, the same would be delivered to the Cafe Cuisine management and they manage to sever the consumer order at their place. As the product of the Cafe Cuisine has directly been utilized by the consumer, therefore, the Cafe Cuisine’s management decided to adopt the B2C business model. Moreover, the B2C business model can facilitate the Cafe Cuisine to grow their business by planning and achieving clear objectives and goals. The website facilitates to manage huge customers at a time for reviewing their menus as well as placing orders. Taking into consideration facts and benefits of the B2C business model, the Cafe Cuisine decided to adopt it (Nikov, n.d). 3. Website Development and Evaluation A website development process has to be utilized for the development of the Cafe Cuisine’s website (Alexander, B., n.d). Initially, while website development, we carefully took the requirements of the Cafe Cuisine for the development of the website. The requirements o f the Cafe Cuisine consisted of functional and non-functional requirements (Vandeuren, 2012). In the next phase, we iteratively create the design of the website that was highly important to make the website usable. The usability is one of the features of the quality website. After completing the design of the website in the Dreamweaver, we started to write the contents of the website, as well as planned the contents of the Blog (Calhoun, 2003).  

Marketing Assignment. SABIC Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing . SABIC - Assignment Example SABIC was founded in 1976 and operates globally in more than 44 countries in the world. The company is estimated to have more than 33,000 employees all over the world (Sabic.com, 2012). The organisational structure of SABIC includes a total of six different business units, namely Chemicals, Performance Chemicals, Polymers, Fertilizers, Innovative Plastics and Metals. All these business units are engaged in the production of four product types, namely Chemicals which includes Performance Chemicals, Fertilizers, Metals and Plastics which includes Innovative Plastics and Polymers (Companydatabase.org, 2009). For the year 2011, SABIC recorded a net profit equalling SR 29 billion and its annual turnover for the year was SR 129 billion. PEST Analysis Political The government of Saudi Arabia follows a system of monarchy. No political party is officially recognised in the country. Holy Quran is considered to be the constitution of Saudi Arabia and Sharia (Islamic Law) forms the basis for its governance. A central government has been developed by the kings of Saudi Arabia. A wide range of powers are concentrated in the hands of the king of Saudi Arabia. Political reforms have been initiated in the country with the formation of Shura or National Constitutive Council. The members of Shura have advisory powers regarding issues related to public interest. There has been a gradual expansion of the royally appointed Sharia over the past few years (US Department of State, 2011). No income taxes are imposed on Saudi nationals and foreigners working in the country. Only foreign investors are required to pay taxes on their net profit. However the Sura Council members are thinking of the proposal of taxing foreign expatriates. Economic Major economic activities are strongly controlled by the government of Saudi Arabia. Major revenue earnings are derived from the petroleum sector. Private sector growth is being encouraged in the country to promote diversification of economy and emp loyment of Saudi nationals. The effort of diversification is concentrated on telecommunications, power generation, petrochemical sector and exploration of natural gas. There is an unemployment problem mainly because of lack of education and technical expertise amongst Saudi nationals and government is making concentrated efforts to address this issue. Foreign investment is being promoted in the country (CIA, 2012). Socio-Cultural Islam is the predominant religion in the country and Arabic is its official language. Saudi Arabia has a conservative cultural environment. Officially the country strictly adheres to the Islamic law and its Wahhabi interpretations. Cultural presentations are supposed to be in conformity with the ethical standards which are narrowly defined. Technological The country is experiencing rapid advancements in technology. Increased use of internet in business activities in the country. Growing advancements in e-Commerce and electronic service technologies (Al-Ghai th, Sanzogni, & Sandhu. 2010, p.1). Analysis of Ten Trends Affecting the Organisation Political Trends 1. The political environment of Saudi Arabia is quite stable. The country is devoid of any democratic system. National elections are not held in the country and political parties do not exist. Hence it has a positive impact on the business environment of SABIC and the company is

Factors That Shape a Child’s Personality

Factors That Shape a Child’s Personality There is a growing interest in factors that influences and shapes a child’s personality, genetics and environmental factors are the two most prominent factors that are rising in debates. Personality theorist such as Sigmund Freud supports genetic factors and that it plays a huge role in shaping a child’s personality while Alfred Adler supports environmental factors that dominate in shaping the personality of a child. However, there are other studies and research that indicates genetic and environmental factors are both essential in building the personality of the child. The personality of the parents and the child reciprocates with each other to build a more positive parent-child relations depending on the situations and environments. Personality is the fundamental expression of feelings and emotions through bodily organizations, intelligences as well as special capacity as defined by Rue (2008). This is supported by Allport (1961), where he stated that personality is an individual’s characteristic patterns whereby it is stable throughout an individual’s development. Over the past few decades, increased studies have shown that genetics and environmental factors have an impact on a child’s behaviour (Rutter, 2006). One of such theories was provided by Sigmund Freud’s psychosexual development, where he supported the factors of nature in shaping a child’s personality during their early years. Human sexual life does not start at puberty but it begins soon after birth, with clear manifestations (Kline, 2014). Yet, there are opposing personality theorists who believed that the personality of an individual is shaped through interactions with the environment and the people around them. E xamples are Costa and McCrae’s five factor model where personality of individuals are categorised as openness to experiences, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness as well as neuroticism and Alfred Adler’s theory on birth orders, where birth orders of an individual in the family will affect their personality. Child temperament is one of the most prominent genetic factor that shapes a child’s personality. It can be defined as the fundamental basis for affective arousal, expression and regulation components of personality (Goldsmith et al, 1987). Temperamental traits begins in early childhood and will be stabilized across time and it is the basic elements for later personality development (Coplan, Reichel Rowan, 2009). Children with difficult temperament will have a higher tendency to withdraw in connecting with new environments and people and they are more pessimistic and have negative emotionality (Laukkanen et al, 2014). For example, shyness is regarded as the temperamental tendency to experience fear and anxiety and they tend to exhibit more negative emotions and are inclined to the developing of internal problems (Coplan, Reichel Rowan, 2009). Therefore, when they are interacting with the societies and they are more likely to stimulate protective and over controlling responses from their parents or caregivers (Coplan, Reichel Rowan, 2009). One of such personality theorist, Sigmund Freud, believed that the fundamental personality was formed by events and things that happened in the first 6 years of life of an individual (Carroll, 2010). Carroll (2010) also stated that Freud classified a different erogenous zone where libidinal energy was directed and if that stage failed to complete, the libidinal energy will remained in that particular zone, leading to the child experiencing a fixation. Erogenous zones refers to areas of the body where they are highly sensitive to touch and are related to sexual pleasures. Freud’s psychosexual development consisted of oral, anal, phallic and genital stages as analysed by Carroll (2010). Oral stage is known as the first stage of psychosexual development and it lasts for the first eighteen months of a human life, described by Carroll (2010). According to him, it is a stage where the mouth, lips and tongue are the primary erogenous zone. Garcia (1995) explained that during this stage, mothers are the ones who have the most direct communication with the child and the mothers should attend to the child without implementing anxiety in the child. In accordance to Freud’s theory, complications and dispute in this stage could result in oral fixation and his could lead to behaviours such overeating, smoking and alcohol abuse (Carroll, 2010). The subsequence stage will be the anal stage where the anal area is the elementary erogenous zone and it is the period where children begins with their toilet training where the child begins to adopt the practical life lesson of how and when to let go and hold on to certain things and events (Carroll, 2010 Garcia, 1995). Carroll ( 2010) stated that failure in this stage could result in traits such as stubbornness, cleanliness and orderliness. The following stage, namely the phallic stage according to Freud, is the most critical period where it occurs between three to six years old. Carroll (2010) explained that Freud believed that during this stage, boys will undergo the Oedipus complex, while girls will undergo Electra complex and develop penis envy. He also described that oedipus complex is where a male child has sexual attraction for his mother and electra complex is where female child has incestuous desire for her father. However, before this stage ends, the male and female child will distinguish with parents of the same sex and embraces its masculine and feminine characteristics (Carroll, 2010). Superego from Freud’s psychoanalysis theory where he emphasise on unconscious mind in humans, will also being to establish around the same time and most children will take up the values of their parents (C arroll,2010). He also suggested that before entering puberty, the child will go through latency stage where libido in inverted and contained (Garcia, 1995). Carroll (2010) indicated that during this stage, sexual interest are supressed and children during this stage will play with others of the same sex. Garcia (1995) suggested that educations from caregiver and role model can help the children to learn more about the importance and the responsibilities of self-govern, self-expressions and its consequences. During puberty, the child will enter the last stage of psychosexual development, the genital stage whereby the child will develop the ability to adopt adult sexual behaviours and in this stage, libido is to be directed to an object that is significantly different from those childhood sexuality (Carroll, 2010). Genetics differences in individual’s personality are only predispositions to behaves in certain ways, conversely to the environmental factors that may suggest that different children with the similar predisposition in a different directions (Keogh, 2003). One dominant environmental factor is the parenting style and it has been seen as a fairly stable contributions to childrearing practices. Parenting style is characterized as parent’s behaviours and their interactions with their child over different situations, creating the interactional climate for parent-child relations (Laukkanen et al, 2014). Crockenberg et al (2008) indicated that maternal behaviour play a key role in developing children’s attention behaviour, personality and externalising trajectories. Fromm (2013) supported this by explaining that one of the essential factors in shaping a child’s personality is the relatedness to the child’s mother and how the mother behaves will influence th e child’s behaviour and personality. He also stated that Freud had dreams about his mother and it implies that as a child, he wanted to be fed by his mother, this symbolises as being cared for, loved and protected by his mother. If a child is being neglected and not fed by its caregiver, the child will grow impatient and angry as he or she feels that they have the right to immediate and complete attention (Fromm, 2013). Belsky and Barends (2002) claimed that the Five Factor Model (FFM), namely openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism, by Costa and McCrae is the basic framework with regards to parents’ personality and the quality of parent-child relation. For example, neuroticism refers to individuals who have a high tendency to experience negative emotions such as anxiety, hostility and more important emotionally instability (Vondra Belsky, 1993). Parents who score higher in neuroticism are more anxious and are more likely to embrace an overprotective style of parenting because of their tendencies to identify threats to their child in the environment (Coplan, Reichel Rowan, 2009). They also indicated that parents who score higher in neuroticism are unlikely to be responsive and displaying warm in parenting. On the other hand, agreeableness in individuals are reflected through their interpersonal skills, they can range from compassionate, trustwo rthy and being helpful to highly irritable and manipulation on others (Coplan, Reichel Rowan, 2009). Coplan, Reichel and Rowan (2009) also explained that mothers who are high in agreeableness exhibit more parental warmth and are highly responsive. Due to the tendencies to give in, agreeable parents will more likely to give in to their child, leading to a more harmonious parent-child relationships (Denissen, Aken Dubas, 2009). Extraversion is correlated with a higher level of positive effects and parents that score higher in extraversion are more likely to have a positive relationship with their child (Denissen, Aken Dubas, 2009). Belsky and Berends (2002) support this by stating that parents who are high in extraversion are more sensitive and responsive to their child. Parents who are high in conscientiousness are said to have a higher level of control over their own lives and therefore they are less regulated by the family rules, there are also evidences that suggest that parent s with high level of conscientiousness are correlated with higher quality of parent-child relation (Denissen, Aken Dubas, 2009). Lastly, they also indicated that parents who are high in openness to experience are found to have a positive relationship with their child as they are less restrictive towards their child due to them having a broader and more permeable conscientiousness. Personalities of parents have significant correlations with the personality of the child as supported by Kochanska, Friesenborg, Lange and Martel (2004), they stated that parents who are more agreeable have infants who are more able to focus their attention and more fearful while parents who are more empathic have infants who are better focused and less prone to anger and parents who are more open have infants that are more joyful. Laukkanen et al (2014) also indicated that parents who show high level of psychological control towards their child, will lead to the child developing a more maladaptive outcom es such as having lower self-esteem and lower academic performances. Another environmental factor is the birth order of the child and personality among siblings that was highly emphasized by Alfred Adler. Leman (2009) also pointed out that parental values are powerful factors that can affect every child in the family, especially the firstborns. Sulloway (2011) support birth order by conducting a study where adults were asked to compare their personality traits with their siblings. He found out that firstborns tend to be more achieving and conscientious while the laterborns tend to be more rebellious an open. Leman (2009) emphasized that firstborns are more reliable and they tend to differentiate right and wrong and believe that there is a right way to accomplish things. He also stated that firstborns are natural leaders and often tend to be achievement oriented. Whereby the middle child will more likely to be contradictory of the child before them in the family and they are often loyal and competitive (Leman, 2009). Leman (2009) also suggested that be ing the middle child, they are not expected to accomplish as much as those who are born before them and they are often the negotiator of the family who tries to keep the peace. As for the lastborns, Leman (2009) describe them as sociable, outgoing, spontaneous and humorous and they are often the most pampered ones in the family. However, being the youngest would mean that they are most likely to be picked on by other members in the family (Leman, 2009). He also stated that the entire family and its environment will change when a child is born and how the parents behaves and act towards the child will determine a great part in the child’s destiny. Leman (2009) stressed that a child’s personality depends largely on the personality and the parenting style of the parents. If parents are to controlling and applied too much stress or too unreasonable towards the firstborns, they can turn the child to a rebel who will messes up just to agitate the parents instead of excelling in their academic (Leman, 2009). To conclude, nature and nurture come together in many ways in shaping a child’s personalities (Bates Pettit, 2007). Those children whose personalities and temperaments are in conflicts with cultural norms and parental expectations have a higher tendency to evoke negative reactions from others and in turn, parents will become more controlling and adopting a more authoritarian parenting style (Maccoby, 2007). In some cases, the personalities of children and parents may have a lot of resemblance as they will mimic each other and share a portion of the same genes that will affect their temperament (Denissen, Aken Dubas, 2009). Therefore, shaping the personality of the child is mostly depending on the reciprocal relations and interactions between the parents and the child. For example, happy and easy infants will have a positive and responsive relationship with their parents and also, affecting ambience in mothers will likewise have positive and consistent relationship with fearf ul infants as mothers tend to be more protective towards fearful infants (Kochanska, Friesenborg, Lange Martel, 2004). References Allport, G. W. (1961). Pattern and growth in personality. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Bates, J. E., Pettit, G. S. (2007). Temperament, Parenting, and Socialization. In J. Gausec P. Hastings. In Handbook of Socialization (pp. 153-177). New York: Guilford. Belsky, J., Barends, N. (2002). Personality and parenting (2nd ed., Vol. 3). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum: M. H. Bornstein. Carroll, J. (2010). Sexuality Now: Embracing Diversity. Wadsworth: Cengage Learning. Coplan, R. J., Reichel, M., Rowan, K. (2009). Exploring the associations between maternal personality, child temperament, and parenting: A focus on emotions. Personality and Individual Differences, 46, 241–246. Crockenberg, S. C., Leerkes, E. M., Barrig Jo, P. S. (2008). Predicting aggressive behavior in the third year from infant reactivity and regulation as moderated by maternal behavior. Development and Psychopathology, 20, 37-54. Denissen, J. J., Aken, M. A., Dubas, J. S. (2009). It Takes Two to Tango: How Parents’ and Adolescents’ Personalities Link to the Quality of Their Mutual Relationship. Developmental Psychology, 45(4), 928–941. Fromm, E. (2013). Sigmund Freuds Mission: An Analysis of his Personality and Influence. Open Road Media. Garcia, J. L. (1995). Freuds Psychosexual Stage Conception: A Developmental Metaphor for Counselors. Journal of Counseling Development, 73, 498-502. Goldsmith, H. H., Buss, A. H., Plomin, R., Rothbart, M. K., Thomas, A., Chess, S., al, e. (1987). Roundtable: What is temperament? Four approaches. Child Development, 58, 505–529. Grazyna, K., Amanda, E. F., Lindsey, A. L., Michelle, M. M. (n.d.). Keogh, B. (2003). Temperament In The Classroom: Understanding Individual Differences. United States, Baltimore: Bethesda. Kline, P. (2014). Fact and Fantasy in Freudian Theory. New York: Routledge. Kochanska, G., Friesenborg, A. E., Lange, L. A., Martel, M. M. (2004). Personality Processes and Individual Differences: Parents’ Personality and Infants’ Temperament as Contributors to Their Emerging Relationship. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86(5), 744–759. Laukkanen, J., Ojansuu, U., Tolvanen, A., Alatupa, S., Aunola, K. (2014). Child’s Difficult Temperament and Mothers’ Parenting Styles. J Child Family Study, 23, 312–323. Leman, K. (2009). The birth order book: Why you are the way you are. Grand Rapids: MI: Revell. Maccoby, E. E. (2007). Historical Overview of Socialization Research and Theory. In J. E. Grusec, P. D. Hastings, Handbook of Socialization: Theory and Research (pp. 13-41). New York: Guilford Publications. Rue, D. W. (2008, January 30). What is Prsonality? The Educational Forum, 1(1), 54-59. Rutter, M. (2006). Genes and behavior: Nature-nurture interplay explained. Oxford: UK: Blackwell. Sulloway, F. J. (2011). Why siblings are like Darwin’s finches: Birth order, sibling competition, and adaptive divergence within the family. In D. M. Buss, P. H. Hawley, The evolution of personality and individual differences. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Vondra, J., Belsky, J. (1993). Developmental origins of parenting: Personality and relationship factors. In T. Luster, L. Okagaki, Parenting: An ecological perspective (pp. 1–33). Hillsdale: NJ: Erlbaum.

This Way for the Gas Ladies and Gentlemen Essay -- Analysis, Tadeusz

The sullen narrative This Way for the Gas Ladies and Gentlemen poignantly recounts the events of a typical day in a Nazi concentration camp during World War II. The author, Tadeusz Borowski, was Polish Holocaust survivor of Auschwitz, the series of death camps responsible for the deaths of the largest number of European Jews. Recounted from a first-person point of view, the novel unfolds at dawn as the unnamed narrator eats breakfast with a friend and fellow prisoner, Henri. Henri is a member of Canada, the labor group responsible for unloading the Jewish transports as they arrive into the camps. They are interrupted by a call for Canada to report to the loading ramps. Upon the arrival of the transport, the narrator joins Henri in directing the prisoners to either life, in the labor camps, or to death, in the gas chambers. In reality the path is neither one of life or death, rather it is routing prisoners to inevitable death or immediate death. Regardless of how many times he is aske d, the narrator refuses to disclose to the transport prisoners what is happening to them or where they are being taken. This is camp law, but the narrator also believes it to be charitable to â€Å"deceive (them) until the very end†(pg. 115). Throughout the day the narrator encounters a myriad of people, but one is described in great detail: a young woman, depicted as being unscathed by the abomination that is the transport. She is tidy and composed, unlike those around her. Calmly, she inquires as to where she is being taken, like many before her, but to no avail. When the narrator refuses to answer, she stoically boards a truck bound for the gas chambers. By the end of both the day and of the novel, the camp has processed approximately fifteen thousand p... ...urvivors crawling towards me, clawing at my soul. The guilt of the world had been literally placed on my shoulders as I closed the book and reflected on the morbid events I had just read. As the sun set that night, I found no joy in its vastness and splendor, for I was still blinded by the sins of those before me. The sound of my tears crashing to the icy floor sang me to sleep. Just kidding. But seriously, here’s the rest. Upon reading of the narrators’ brief excerpt of his experience, I was overcome with empathy for both the victims and persecutors. The everlasting effect of the holocaust is not only among those who lost familiesà ·, friends, /6mà ·illions of their very race, but also with the prisoner workers who were-and have been-relentlessly tormented by (the guilt of their actions) (their guilt). This (novel, story, event, etc..) will not soon be forgotten.

Literature Review and Conceptyal Framework

Running head: LITERATURE REVIEW 1 Literature Review and Conceptual Framework Juvenile Diversion Programs/IPS Julie I Carter Capella University PSF8374-Currenr Research on Violent Behavior Dr.Rob Hanser LITERATURE REVIEW 2 Literature Review and Conceptual Framework History The history of diverting arrested juveniles from formal processing began with the birth of the juvenile courts. Conceived in the late 19th century, juvenile justice provided for a rehabilitation-based response to juveniles’ illegal behavior.Punitive sanctions being received by youth in criminal courts were being set aside in the juvenile courts. Thus, in its infancy, juvenile justice could be construed as a â€Å"diversion program†. Considered to be in the best interest of the juvenile and society, juvenile justice diverted youth from criminal proceedings by providing dispositions that were more attuned to the potential to change the young offender’s behavior, and lives through clinical servi ces, special rehabilitation programs, and tight educational guidance. (Models, 2010) First adopted by the adult criminal justice system, was the idea of diversion.This idea became the topic of discussion within the juvenile justice system in the 1960’s. The President’s Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice recommended exploring alternatives for addressing the needs of troubled juveniles outside of the court system in 1967. In 76, the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Special Emphasis Branch supplied 10 million dollars in funding specifically for the development of diversion programs. These efforts were strictly driven by the belief that these types of programs would yield many enefits, such as allowing juveniles the option to choose an alternative to court, providing more treatment at the community level, increasing family participation, and most important, reducing the â€Å"stigma† associated with the formal juvenile j ustice system. (Models, 2010) As diversion has been practiced and even discussed for nearly four decades, some would contend that there is little consistency in the terms of what actually constitutes a diversion process or program, they do however agree on the common goal among these programs which is to minimize the juveniles’ involvement in the juvenile justice system.LITERATURE REVIEW 3 Theoretical Concepts As measured by program evaluations and follow-up studies, the effectiveness of diversion programs has varied greatly from one program to the next. The successful programs, such as the Intensive Prevention Services (IPS) initiative in Philadelphia, provide very direct services that include but are not limited to parenting education, intensive family counseling, and behavioral contracting.One of the main concepts that gave birth to the development of this program was the labeling perspective. This theory or perspective, if you will, argues that juveniles who commit mino r offences become habitual offenders due to being singled out for negative recognition. This has been noted as creating and reinforcing the juvenile’s, as well as society’s view, that they are criminals. Diversion programming then is designed to assist in avoiding these negative labels that accompany formal case processing. Roberts, 2004) In 1979, Paternoster, et al. explored the extent to which juveniles discriminate between formal court processing that results in incarceration and informal diversion processing with reference to perceptions of accrued stigma and/or liabilities. The perception of the juveniles was measured in terms of school performance; parental relationships, relationships with peers; desired employment, and future involvement with the law. (Blomberg, n. d. The findings indicated only in the peer relationships area was there a notable difference between the perceptions of diverted and incarcerated juveniles. When control was made for the effects of p rior social liabilities, such as social class or race, the results remained constant. Therefore one could conclude that to the extent perceptions of stigma have implications for subsequent behavior, it makes little difference whether or not juveniles receive diversion or formally imposed jail time.In simple terms, the type of treatment would appear to not be significant in shaping self-perceptions. (Blomberg, n. d. ) LITERATURE REVIEW 4 Supporters of diversion continue to argue that programs are less stigmatizing than formal court involvement, provide juveniles with services that they would not have otherwise received, and result in reductions in the rate of recidivism.In contrast, opponents argue that diversion programs have extended social control to juveniles who would ordinarily be released back to the community, may actually increase recidivism, do not prevent stigmatation, and can lead to the disproportionate representation of minorities. As Akers (1994) explains, the labelin g theory pushes forward the thesis that persons who are labeled and/or dramatically stigmatized as deviant, are more than likely to take on a deviant self-identity and become more, rather than less deviant than if they had not been so labeled.Theoretically, a label of deviant, juvenile offender or delinquent can affect the way that a juvenile comes to define him/herself which influences future criminal behaviors, and dictates the social roles the juvenile is allowed to assume. (Dick, Pence, Jones & Geertsen, 2004) With that noted, some research has also suggested that diversion actually increases recidivism, however early studies found little or no difference in the recidivism rates between diverted and non-diverted youth.Yet still others have found that, regardless of the setting, interventions can as well increase â€Å"perceived† labeling and self-reported delinquency among youth. (Elliott, Dunford & Knowles, 1978) What was found to be consistent with the last group of fin ding was the work done latter by Lemet (1981) that suggest that these treatment interventions can impose stigma on juveniles which leads to secondary deviance. This study would be responsible for raising the possibility that diversion programs may widen the net of the state system by taking in juveniles who otherwise may have not come into contact with the system.What is important to point out here is that many of these studies were flawed due to the difficulties researchers encountered when constructing comparison groups for the purpose of evaluation. LITERATURE REVIEW 5 Contemporary Research There have been so many different policies called â€Å"diversion† that the term has come to cover polices as diverse as doing nothing to programs indistinguishable from the existing practices of juvenile justice.While these policies have produced better procedural justice for juveniles, reduced the detained and institutionalized population of juveniles placing them under the jurisdict ion of state and/or local family service agencies, these polices have not resulted in the intended changes in the behaviors of the diverted youth. (Akers & Sellers, 2009) Recent studies on diversion programs have produced more positive results. In fact, in a study of the Detention Diversion Advocacy Project it was found that juveniles that were diverted to diversion programs were less likely than their counterparts to be referred to out-of-home placement. Sheldon, 1999) In Michigan an evaluation of their state diversion project yielded that juveniles that were randomly assigned to one of the several diversion program strategy groups were significantly less likely to have any court petitions filed against them during the two years following release from the program compared to the control group. The results shown here cannot help but suggest that the â€Å"active† hands on intervention provided by diversion programming works better that the normal process of court processing j uvenile offenders. The catch, it works best if they have been thoroughly separated from the system. Davidson, Redner, Blakely, Mitchell & Emshoff, 1987) There is a wealth of evaluations of pretrial diversionary programs, and more comprehensive literature about the pretrial diversion field is dated. One of the critical challenges noted for the criminal justice field is developing and cataloging an appropriate research design for diversion programs. Researchers in the field need to actively pursue this challenge in order to determine the scope, as well as the worth of diversion programming in the criminal justice community. (Bellassai, Galloway.Hubbard, Oeller & Sayler, 2006) LITERATURE REVIEW 6 In Philadelphia, there are several emerging practices in the diversion program initiative. First they have implemented written policies and procedures for diversion programs that are backed by a formal mission statement. This is deemed as critical as a clearly defined and articulated mission statement, goals, and objectives are the cornerstone of effective programs.In a survey conducted by the National Association of Pretrial Services Agencies, nearly 90% of all respondents in their study had written policies and procedures in place. (Bellassai et al. , 2006) Nationwide, pretrial diversion concepts have found increased legitimacy. Nearly all states now have pretrial statues that have either been enacted or updated since 2000, and are as diverse as diversion programs themselves. Diversion program today tend to feature a wider array of programs that are more diverse than their predecessors in practice, and administrative location.However, these programs are still united by the ultimate goal of offering viable alternatives to juveniles whose criminal behaviors are addressed much more effectively outside the realm of traditional case processing. (Bellassai, 2006) Recommendations The biggest challenge to pretrial diversion programs and criminal justice planners is the lack of the strong research that is needed in the field.One accomplishment of such a broad-based study would be the examination of the nature of the relationship with the theory of labeling and the potential synergy within the current problem-solving court model. The benefit here would come as such a study would be enumerable and provide an evidenced-based foundation for communities to make sound decisions about diversion programming. (Bellassai. 2006) LITERATURE REVIEW 7 References Akers, R.L. & Sellers, C. S. (2009) Criminological Theories. New York, NY: Oxford University Press Bellassai, J. , Galloway, K. , Hubbard, A. , Oeller, C. & Sayler, J. (2006) Promising practices in pretrial diversion. Retrieved November 10, 2012 from http://www. ojp. usdoj. gov/BJA/about/index. html Blomberg, T. G. (n. d. ) Widening the net: An anomaly in the evaluation of diversion programs. Retrieved November, 9, 2012 from http://www. criminology. fsu. edu/crimtheory/blomberg/netwidening. html Davidson, W. S. , Redner, R. , Blakely, C. H. Mitchell, C. M. & Emshoff, J. G. (1987) Diversion of juvenile Offenders: An experimental comparison. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 55(1) 68-75 Dick, A. J. , Pence, D. J. , Jones, R. M. & Geertsen, H. R. (2004) The need for theory in assessing peer courts. American Scientist 47:1448-61 Elliot, D. S. , Dunford, F. W. & Knowles, B. A. (1978) A Study of Alternative Processing Practices: An Overview of Initial Study Findings. Boulder, CO: B. R. Institute Models for Change Systems: Reform in Juvenile Justice, July 2010.Retrieved from http://www. modelsforchange. net Paternoster, R. , Waldo, G. , Chiricos, T. & Anderson, L. (1979) The Stigma of Diversion: Labeling in the Juvenile Justice System. Beverly Hills. CA: Sage Publications Roberts, A. R. (2004) Emergence and proliferation of juvenile diversion programs. New York, NY: Oxford University Press Sheldon, R. G. (1999) Detention Diversion Advocacy: An Evaluation. Juvenile Justice Bulletin . Washington, D. C. : U. S. Department of Justice, Office of Juvenile and Delinquency Prevention.

Questionnaire for Branded Clothing

Questionnaire for Clothes consumption NAME: CONTACT NO. OCCUPATION: e-mail: PLACE: DATE: Questions: 1) Approximately, how many times do you buy your clothes? a) Once a week b) Once every 2 weeks c) Once a month d) At the beginning of season e) During the sales period f) During the Christmas Festivities g) As the need arises h) Occasionally i) Rarely 2) From where do you usually buy clothes? a) Factory Outlets ) Retail Shops (unbranded) c) Brand’s Showrooms d) Malls e) Online Shopping 3) With whom do you usually buy your clothes? a) Friends b) Mother c) Father d) Brother/Sister e) Grandparents f) Alone 4) When buying clothes, you: a) Go directly in a particular shop. b) Go round in various shops. 5) Please indicate how much importance do you give to each of the following factors before you buy your clothes. Â   |Almost Always |Sometimes |Rarely |Never | | Fabric |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | | Design |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | | Colour |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | | Brand |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | | Comfort |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | | Fashion |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | | Price |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | 6) How would you rate the following statements? Â   |Strongly Agree |Agree |Disagree |Strongly | | | | | |Disagree | |I wear only well known brands |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |I buy clothes depending on their colours |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |I buy styles that suit me rather than what is fashionable |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |I only buy the style that my riends wear |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |I only buy the latest fashion as long as they suit me |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |I create my own fashion rather than follow it |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |I tend to stick to classic styles that won't date |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |I wear only clothes that are widely available |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |I hate going round for clothes and I let others buy my clothes |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |I search for sales an d low prices |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |Â   | | | | | 7) How important would you rate the following factors in influencing the choice of clothes purchased? Â   |Almost Always |Sometimes |Rarely |Never | |Fashion Magazines |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |Beauty Magazines |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |Television |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |Radio |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |Newspapers |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |Billboards |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |Cinema |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |Promotional Leaflets |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |Internet |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | 8) Do you think that wearing branded clothes would reflect: Â   |Strongly Agree |Agree |Disagree |Strongly Disagree | |Confidence |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |Superior Image |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |Exclusivity |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |Snob Appeal |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |

buy custom Catholics and Protestants Conflicts essay

buy custom Catholics and Protestants Conflicts essay Christian on Christian violence was evidence of the hypocrisy in the Christian society. The concern of Shakespeare in The Merchant of Venice was the Christian and state intolerance on religion. That is the Catholics Protestant Problem which he brings out gradually in the plot but in a hidden way to avoid government censorship and persecution because the State and the Church we cordially the same. He highlights the conversion of Shylock to Christianity but Coonradt give a different view on this issue. It was rare to find conversion to Christianity from Jews. "Coerced conversions were virtually unheard of in the various narratives circulating about Jews in sixteenth-century England" (Shapiro, 1996). Coonradt quotes from Shapiros works. Therefore it could not be addressing the Anti-Semitism sentiments but the problems of the Catholics and the Protestants. These are view that it was the conversion into Protestantism from Catholicism and from protestant to Catholicism. Shylocks conversion was supposed to show the Christian mercies but indeed it was representative of the English law forcing Catholics to the Protestant front and as the Catholics would reverse the practice leading to the evidence of the Christian Catholic tussle (Coonradt, 2007). Shakespeare never knew any Jews and The Merchant of Venice was written in a time when the Jews had been banished from England for over 300 years (Laster, 2010). The many examples we have seen from the essay suggest that look beyond the surface when approaching Shakespeares work, quite literally, the play's very appearance deceives us unless we venture to read "otherwise." Quoting Hamiltons idea to give closer scrutiny to the play, where her looks at the play from the usual terms as it contemplates with the Jewish Question but she gives in to the idea of Shylocks conversion to be real. If we critically study The Merchant of Venice we may see that Shakespeare tries to test our perception in a different way when we read otherwise. At the tie of writing the play it is clear Shakespeare never had the Jewish sentiments in Mind but just the cocooning of the idea in the play was important for his survivl (Laster, 2010).. So justification of the point of conversion to be for real should be in the context of Protestant to catholic and catholic to protestant since there were very few Jews in England at that time and they lived there secretly (Laster, 2010). Using this quote; "Where men enforcd do speak anything" (3.2.32). We analyze the idea of the way the issue of conversion is used as a ploy and again the reader or viewer may be deceived by the appearances on the surface where the surface being the image of Judaism in the play. It may be a possibility that Shakespeare uses deception in the entire play, presenting it as a Jewish play, an anti-Semitic play when it really is not here we are left to wonder if the conversion of Shylock is true or just by the surface we see and the words he spoke to allege acceptance. The viewer is left to wonder if he would practice his own Jewish secretly. This is because the choice of Christianity is done for him by the Elizabethans (Coonradt, 2007). "Uncanny causality" is portrayed by the anti-Semitism sentiments in the play which are just a shadow of the real concerns of the play. Using this no person could tell whether Shakespeare was a devoted Catholic, a Protestant convert, or a Jew but he effectively portrays the extent of the bloody battles waged between Protestants and Catholics in the name of Christ, in the name of justice, and in the name of love and how destructive they were. Shakespeares subversive use of anti-Semitism as a veil of conveying an ironic message about the moral decadence of religion and the hatred and the hypocrisy of Christian love and "mercy" as he saw it being practiced in England(Coonradt, 2007). In England there were very stringent rules that suppressed freedom of speech and there was danger of treason by any Citizen and not forgetting the Authors of different works. This called for veiling any political utterances both on stage in England and outside England at that time (Kottmann, 2007). This was a way of escaping government censorship. Viewers and readers should not let the play's obvious anti-Jewish sentiment cloud our reading of the drama because we can see this as a cover and part of the hidden message that can not be addressed openly in the volatile political atmosphere of Early Modern England. William Shakespeare uses these anti-Jewish sentiments that Shakespeare knew fully well that they would pass the scrutiny of the "government censor no one had a problem with maligning Jews, what was described by Shylock as "the badge of all Jewish tribe" 1.3.109 by Shakespeare. This enables him to comment indirectly about the Catholic- Protestant crisis without being censored an d he was not taken to be against the Government of the day and its religious acts (Asquith, 2005). The author also notes that many poets and playwrights had to bow out of writing after immense presser from the Government and many of them of them might have undergone some form of government pressure such as interrogation by the Privy Council to imprisonment, exile, even death and this explains why they receded in the years 1549-1667 and 1552-1663 which are regarded to have experienced high levels of unrest as a result of religious tensions between Catholics and Protestants and in this periods "treason" proved damning thus no one could risk. This is also evidence that the book The Merchant of Venice highlighted issues to do with the rift between the Catholics and Protestants(Coonradt, 2007). In my clear understanding of the play and clear analysis by Coonradt, I strongly believe that the plays sentiments were greatly based on the issues of the moment in England. The problems in England as a result of the problems between the Catholics and Protestants were much more evident than the Jewish question. Thus I would say Shakespeare used the deception on the issue Anti-Semitic issues to be able to convey to the audience the more sensitive issues of the time; the Catholic- Protestant Problem. This criticism has been more persuasive (Sparknotes, 2010). The works of William Shakespeare are mostly engulfed with ambiguous points of analysis and it is always for the interest of the author depending on the time of the publication of the work and also it serves the purpose of literature since it gives a chance for a book to address different issues in the society Buy custom Catholics and Protestants Conflicts essay

Free Essays on La Z Boy

Group Project Financial Accounting La-Z-Boy Intro La-Z-boy Corporation was started in the 1920's and is now known as one of the largest best selling furniture industries to date. La-z-boy unlike other furniture companies which at the time focused on quality and customer satisfaction the most. The company also added a twist to there product by offering a year around piece of furniture which held the a certain name to it. Along with names the company also held furniture shows which consisted of circus mice, Merry-go rounds and Ferris wheels. Although the La-Z-Boy company profit tremendously form the time it started out of a garage, the company truly started to compete with other corporations when it went public in 1961. From 1961 to 1971 the La-z-Boy corporation witnessed astonishing sales when they introduced there reclining rocker chair which at the time increased sales from 1.1million dollars to 52.7million. In 1972 the company entered the market and Six hundred people brought more than 320,000 shares in over the counter trading. B y the end of the year La-z-Boy received annual sales of more than 152 million. At this time the company started to open up La-z-boy showcases which was meant to provide customers seeking genuine La-Z-Boy comfort furniture. To jump forward, La-z-boy hasn't let go of incorporating future technology in there chairs, from chairs that rocked, swiveled, glided and lifted to those that store items, massage and heat, and even have built in phones and laptop computers with internet hook up La-z-boy has no signs of not introducing quality products. By obtaining other furniture companies like Hammary, Kincaid, England/Corsair, Centurion, Sam More, Bauhaus USA, and more La-z-boy has gained access to newer markets and more customers. In 1997 the company exceeded 1 billion in annual sales and left its competition behind selling twice as much as it closets competitor. La-Z-boy a name synonymous with comfort will go... Free Essays on La Z Boy Free Essays on La Z Boy Group Project Financial Accounting La-Z-Boy Intro La-Z-boy Corporation was started in the 1920's and is now known as one of the largest best selling furniture industries to date. La-z-boy unlike other furniture companies which at the time focused on quality and customer satisfaction the most. The company also added a twist to there product by offering a year around piece of furniture which held the a certain name to it. Along with names the company also held furniture shows which consisted of circus mice, Merry-go rounds and Ferris wheels. Although the La-Z-Boy company profit tremendously form the time it started out of a garage, the company truly started to compete with other corporations when it went public in 1961. From 1961 to 1971 the La-z-Boy corporation witnessed astonishing sales when they introduced there reclining rocker chair which at the time increased sales from 1.1million dollars to 52.7million. In 1972 the company entered the market and Six hundred people brought more than 320,000 shares in over the counter trading. B y the end of the year La-z-Boy received annual sales of more than 152 million. At this time the company started to open up La-z-boy showcases which was meant to provide customers seeking genuine La-Z-Boy comfort furniture. To jump forward, La-z-boy hasn't let go of incorporating future technology in there chairs, from chairs that rocked, swiveled, glided and lifted to those that store items, massage and heat, and even have built in phones and laptop computers with internet hook up La-z-boy has no signs of not introducing quality products. By obtaining other furniture companies like Hammary, Kincaid, England/Corsair, Centurion, Sam More, Bauhaus USA, and more La-z-boy has gained access to newer markets and more customers. In 1997 the company exceeded 1 billion in annual sales and left its competition behind selling twice as much as it closets competitor. La-Z-boy a name synonymous with comfort will go...

Ancient Greece The story of Medea

Ancient Greece The story of Medea Essay In Ancient Greece, the name of the monstrous murdering mother Medea was well- known. The story of Medea, the mysterious sorcerer-princess who helped Jason steal the famous Golden Fleece from her father, is a mythical romance with a terrible, terrible ending. Splendids new creative adaptation puts the audience at the heart of the performance, as a twenty-first century chorus presents a timeless tale of passion, betrayal and revenge. The performance took the audience through all sorts of emotions, as the story of a mother and wife took revenge on her hero husband that betrayed her by cheating with a princess. Medea takes revenge so far and even though she is banished from her city, she takes the ultimate revenge on Jason killing her own children. Although the play had many characters and a chorus, there was only 3 actors in whole performance. These 3 actors managed to multi-role play perfectly by using such simple ideas that made the audience recognise the characters they were playing easily. One of the most recognised and in my opinion, effective way they managed to change characters was by using scarves. It wasnt a complicated fiddling about changing clothing, it was a simple scarf and a belt. When the actors were being narrators or not performing, they wore these scarves in a different way each time to represent the character that they were playing. All of the costume changes were to the audience and sometimes they would tuck the scarf in their belt, to represent a strong character, like a hero. Other times they would be storytelling and wrapped the scarf around their heads to represent an old granny telling a old story. I thought this was highly effective and a creative way of adding to a character. It made the transitions between characters simple and it only took minimal seconds to change the way they wore the scarves. As soon as they placed the scarf differently, the actors switched instantly and stepped into the shoes of the characters. It was clear that they didnt need a big costume change for you to imagine the character because using the scarf was just effective enough. For me, it seemed like one of those ideas that you would think why didnt I think of that because it was an unique way of changing character. Another way the actors used multi-role play was by how they used their voice and positioned their stance and posture. Each actors voice or stance was never the same. The pitch, tone, volume and accent changed every time to represent the different character. No character was similar in voice which made it clear to the audience who they were playing. For example, the male performer (Jimmy Whiteaker) played a narrator while wearing his scarf around his head. His posture was bent over like he was old and frail and his movement was slow and soft. His voice was in a welsh accent, which is a great story telling accent. His tone was soft but happy and uplifting and his facial expression was always in a smile with his eyes bright. Compared to his other character, Jason, this is a dramatic change. Jasons posture was always strong and upright with his head held high and his nose in the air. His movement and gestures were sharp and without regret or thought. And he spoke confidently, in a serious, bold tone and the pitch low and manly. Each actor changed all these qualities in their own way, to create a personality and traits for the character they were playing. Another way they used multi-role play was by using personal props. These props were very minimalistic but once again they were personal to the character they were playing. I thought all of the 3 actors did an amazing job of multi-role play and they have given me many ideas and inspired me to think more about my roles. READ: Catholism 19th century EssayThe set on the stage was very simple and minimalistic. This was definitely more of a quality to the performance than negative. It didnt look over the top and it didnt need to be. Splendid productions state on their website that Splendids powerful cast of three will show how an ancient story can resonate through time, and how the simplest of theatrical ideas can have a devastating impact. And this is exactly what they did, especially with the set. It was so simple yet creative at the same time and even though a rope was just placed in a square on the stage, once the actors stepped into that rope the whole atmosphere changed and thats what created such a devastating impact. The set represented Greek Theatre. It represented the Unities that the play was all in one day, one place and one story. It made the audience concentrate on the actors and appreciate what they were doing and how much of creative thinking had been put into the performance. What I thought was most effective about the set was that the audience was used as part of the set. Multiple times the actors came into where the audience was watching, and they were still in character. Other times they would interact with the audience. But the fact was, they knew the audience was always going to be part of the set however, we didnt. And thats what I thought was so interesting and using the audience really involved them and kept them interacted but also added a lot of symbolism to the story. The main piece of set was a thick rope shaped in a large square centre stage. The rope was the most used part of the set because inside of it the were playing a character and playing the scene. Yet outside of the rope, they were telling the story and being narrators. The minimal set was most effective and was more effective then it wouldve been with complicated set because it forced the actors to be creative and imaginative by miming etc. As they didnt rely on the set to do the job for them. The actors used choral speaking which is when actors speak at the same time. They did this when they introduced Ancient Greece. This was very effective as they changed their voice style a lot throughout and added a lot of humor to it and gestures which gave the audience a break from the seriousness and intensity of the storyline, broke up the story and kept them interested in the performance. It was in unison perfectly and in my opinion it was important that they added humor as it brightened up the performance. The actors performed this very clearly and loud. The actions during the song made it more effective as it added character to the performance and made it more interesting. Also, it involved the audience through laughter. Another reason it was effective was that it focused on the tragic elements of the story but these negative themes were not as harsh as they spoke boldly and humorously about it. The choral speaking had an interesting contrast between conversations and the formal narrative and without it I dont think the performance would have been as enjoyable because it was clear the choral speaking had a great lasting impact on the audience.

Science and Society Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Science and Society Questions - Essay Example Though, many US scientists were against the launching of the nuclear weapons, the attacks still went on spearheaded by the government. This gives a dilemma as to whether the responsibility of controlling the nuclear weapons relies on the scientists or the community (Andreis and calogero 76). The only instance when atomic bombs were used was in Nagasaki. During this incidence, many lives were lost and so many people deformed. Science is supposed to protect and advance human knowledge, but not to end or reduce human race. Controlling nuclear weapons’ use should be the responsibility of scientists, as they know the damage the weapons can cause to mankind and the environment (Krieger 6). Eistein, a German exile scientist who gave President Franklin Roosevelt the idea of using atomic bombs later on, regretted and wished he had launched a watch for the nuclear weapons. It is clear that the scientists cannot control the use of nuclear weapons, as the governments of many countries are in control, and that is why the US government went ahead and attacked Japan, even when some scientists did not approve of the step (Andreis and Calogero 6). Controlling the use of nuclear weapons should be collective responsibility, undertaken by the scientists, the community and the government. This is the only way to ensure that, scientists get to do their work of invention and innovation, and that the government and the community do not interfere with the scientific work or discredit the work done by the scientists (Weeramantry 227). Russell Eistein believed that, scientists should participate in the control of nuclear weapons’ use because; scientific work aims at creating a paradise for people to live in, and if they do not control the use of nuclear, they will be creating universal death instead (Weeramanrty 228). The international law affirms the responsibility of scientists and the community in controlling the use of nuclear weapons, by making it a crime against human ity to produce, use, possesses, test or even deploy nuclear weapons. This shows that, it is not only the scientists who should prevent the use of nuclear weapons, but also the community. As much as science should be allowed to take its course, research and invention of harmful and dangerous substances like nuclear weapons should not be given room to thrive. This is evidenced by the damage done to Japan by the nuclear weapons. Question 1b It is true that, technology plays a major role in polluting the environment and causing climatic change. This is, however, not the only contributor as other factors like natural phenomena and man’s activities also do contribute to climatic change and pollution (NASA 3). I disagree with the statement that technology is ultimately responsible for the current pollution problem and climatic change, and so the control of technology should rest with the scientists. This is because, technology is not the only contributor to pollution, and hence shou ld not bear the responsibility of controlling technology alone (NASA 4). The outputs of technology like motor vehicles, industrialization, factories and chemicals have immensely contributed to pollution and hence, climate change. This is in collaboration with the natural factors like eruption of harmful gases, natural minerals and volcanic eruptions, together with man’

Answer questions'' toenails'' Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Answer questions'' toenails'' - Essay Example The narrator was pointing out the need of young doctors to take a break and refresh themselves. He observed that due to the high level of energy of young doctors, the work really hard and continuously. In this case most are burnt out early leading to giving up or hating the profession that they worked hard for. He even explained that a person should know the importance of his or her own self like a priest, it is important to nourish his faith so that he can help others strengthen theirs. The narrator had special nicknames to every member of the library regulars and Neckerchief became his friend. One day when he noticed that Neckerchief is wincing as he walks, he discovered that he has toenail problem. He then decided to get the toenail cutters from the hospital, bring it to the library and cut his friend’s toenails. This act revealed that even during breaks, the narrator cannot put his vocation on pause. His dedication to the need of patients or people can be observed in his every action. In terms of the conversation with the nurse, it can be presumed that they have a friendship that can be based on working together a long time. Also, the nurse can be older than the narrator since a parental care even while teasing and joking can be observed. The climax is the part wherein Neckerchief felt relief due to the fact that he can walk better and with less pain after his toenails were cut. This led to the decision of the narrator to help all the people in his â€Å"library group.† The plot of the short story revolves around the doctor who recognizes the need to take a break from work to be able to refresh himself in order to fully and optimally help his patients by going to a library and fulfill his love for reading. In the process though, he still was able to help more people by being a person who really cares about his patients, and other people in need of assistance. The theme represents the

Discuss and explain the conceptual link between the principles of Essay

Discuss and explain the conceptual link between the principles of effectual entrepreneurship and the resource-based view of strategy - Essay Example It might represent an essential change in philosophy for some companies, so strategists must be skilled to expect and constructively reply to issues and questions as they arise (Foss 2011). In the long run, strategic management is about maintaining and creating a sustained competitive advantage (SCA). Strategies might be demarcated as plans for developing SCA. Therefore, SCA is the main thing that scholars of strategic management seek to clarify. It is defined as the organizational ability to build and appropriate more value than the opposition on a continuous basis. However, it must be noted that a firm having an SCA does not mean superiority in economic performance; instead SCA is a possibility for such a performance, which might or might not be realized. Entrepreneurial organizations vary in form and constituent from their enormous and well-established counterparts. Alternatively, they are viewed as more practical, better risk-takers, and not as much official than their big counterparts. Instead, they suffer or at least appear to, from their distinctive features of smallness and newness. Being small and new, they time and again lack the necessary resources to develo p and survive competitive advantage. We can examine the exclusive characteristics of the entrepreneurial organizations through two distinct theoretical lenses, namely the resource-based view and resource dependence theory (Peng 2001). In the present version, the resource-based view of strategy is considered by finding the potential to build and appropriate more value than the opposition to the resource benefits of organizations and the features of these sources. It focuses on competitive advantage created by the organization from its distinctive set of resources. An organization is said to possess a competitive advantage when it is executing a value constructing a strategy that is not executed by any potential or current

Pro Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Pro - Essay Example od allergens, food intolerance, and other harmful food substances (Gaivoronskaia & Hvinden, 2006); (2) environmental preservation by using less herbicides and fertilizers that contaminates the U.S. bodies of water. (Carpenter et al., 2007; Thurman et al., 1992); (3) enables farmers to produce insect-resistant (Bt), herbicide tolerant, and virus-resistant crops. (Rao, 2008; Harlander, 2002); and (4) increase Vitamin A, C, D, and E, folate, lycopene, sulfurofane1, lutein2, omega-3 fatty acids, starch, iron, and/or the natural anti-oxidants in fruits, vegetables, and grains. (World Health Organization, 2005; Christou & Twyman, 2004; Harlander, 2002) Despite the advantages of genetically modified foods, the use of this type of technology is subject to a lot of controversial issues when it comes to access to intellectual property rights, ethics, health safety, and proper food labeling among others. (Human Genome Project Information, 2007; World Health Organization, 2005; Myhr & For this study, the researcher will first discuss some basic information with regards to genetic engineering in order to enable the readers to understand the subject better. Eventually, the researcher will clearly describe the problem associated with the use of genetically modified foods followed by providing some recommended solutions on how we could minimize the adverse effects of using genetically modified foods. Prior to conclusion, the researcher will make a justification in relation to the effectiveness of the recommended solution to the problem. Genetic engineering – also known as gene technology, genetic modification, biotechnology, or transgenic – is a special technology that allows scientists to alter the genetic makeup of plants, animals, and/or bacteria. (Human Genome Project Information, 2007) As identified by the World Health Organization (2005), technology used in food modification includes: cloning, tissue culture, and market-assisted breading. Even though there were a

Proper Diet and Lifestyle as Cancer Prevention Strategies Essay - 13

Proper Diet and Lifestyle as Cancer Prevention Strategies - Essay Example The present research has identified that the WHO asserted that around 30% of people dying from cancer do so because of these five behavioral and dietary risks: â€Å"high body mass index, low fruit, and vegetable intake, lack of physical activity, tobacco use, [and] alcohol use.† These risks are external factors that can be managed, which underline the importance of diet and physical activity to reducing cancer risks. Though results for the past few decades are mixed, an increasing number of studies showed that having the proper diet and lifestyle can prevent, or even cure, a number of chronic diseases, including different types of cancer. â€Å"Proper diet† refers to lower fat and red meat intake and higher vegetable and fruit consumption. Western diet, on the opposite, has been regarded as an unhealthy diet because it is usually high in the animal product, sugar, and fat consumption and low in dietary fiber, due to the prevalence of fast food and processed food consum ption. This Western diet has been correlated with higher cancer risks, including colon and breast cancers. Moreover, by â€Å"lifestyle,† this study pertains to the way that people live, including management of alcohol consumption and smoking practices, as well as physical activity levels, life satisfaction with interpersonal relationships, and sleeping habits. This research intends to know if there is a â€Å"proper† diet and lifestyle that may reduce cancer risks. It proposes that holistic healthy living can prevent cancer risks, especially for those who have high cancer risks due to their family history and genetic profiles. Holistic healthy living refers to a lifestyle that responds to various needs: nutrition, physical activity, sleep, and social relations. Moreover, by cancer, this proposal covers several cancers, although it recognizes that certain diets and lifestyles may be more effective for some kinds of cancers and that physical, genetic, and psychological variables can also impact, not only the successful (i.e. consistent and disciplined) adoption of healthy lifestyles and diets but also the effectiveness of a healthy living approach.

Discuss and explain the conceptual link between the principles of Essay

Discuss and explain the conceptual link between the principles of effectual entrepreneurship and the resource-based view of strategy - Essay Example It might represent an essential change in philosophy for some companies, so strategists must be skilled to expect and constructively reply to issues and questions as they arise (Foss 2011). In the long run, strategic management is about maintaining and creating a sustained competitive advantage (SCA). Strategies might be demarcated as plans for developing SCA. Therefore, SCA is the main thing that scholars of strategic management seek to clarify. It is defined as the organizational ability to build and appropriate more value than the opposition on a continuous basis. However, it must be noted that a firm having an SCA does not mean superiority in economic performance; instead SCA is a possibility for such a performance, which might or might not be realized. Entrepreneurial organizations vary in form and constituent from their enormous and well-established counterparts. Alternatively, they are viewed as more practical, better risk-takers, and not as much official than their big counterparts. Instead, they suffer or at least appear to, from their distinctive features of smallness and newness. Being small and new, they time and again lack the necessary resources to develo p and survive competitive advantage. We can examine the exclusive characteristics of the entrepreneurial organizations through two distinct theoretical lenses, namely the resource-based view and resource dependence theory (Peng 2001). In the present version, the resource-based view of strategy is considered by finding the potential to build and appropriate more value than the opposition to the resource benefits of organizations and the features of these sources. It focuses on competitive advantage created by the organization from its distinctive set of resources. An organization is said to possess a competitive advantage when it is executing a value constructing a strategy that is not executed by any potential or current

Proper Diet and Lifestyle as Cancer Prevention Strategies Essay - 13

Proper Diet and Lifestyle as Cancer Prevention Strategies - Essay Example The present research has identified that the WHO asserted that around 30% of people dying from cancer do so because of these five behavioral and dietary risks: â€Å"high body mass index, low fruit, and vegetable intake, lack of physical activity, tobacco use, [and] alcohol use.† These risks are external factors that can be managed, which underline the importance of diet and physical activity to reducing cancer risks. Though results for the past few decades are mixed, an increasing number of studies showed that having the proper diet and lifestyle can prevent, or even cure, a number of chronic diseases, including different types of cancer. â€Å"Proper diet† refers to lower fat and red meat intake and higher vegetable and fruit consumption. Western diet, on the opposite, has been regarded as an unhealthy diet because it is usually high in the animal product, sugar, and fat consumption and low in dietary fiber, due to the prevalence of fast food and processed food consum ption. This Western diet has been correlated with higher cancer risks, including colon and breast cancers. Moreover, by â€Å"lifestyle,† this study pertains to the way that people live, including management of alcohol consumption and smoking practices, as well as physical activity levels, life satisfaction with interpersonal relationships, and sleeping habits. This research intends to know if there is a â€Å"proper† diet and lifestyle that may reduce cancer risks. It proposes that holistic healthy living can prevent cancer risks, especially for those who have high cancer risks due to their family history and genetic profiles. Holistic healthy living refers to a lifestyle that responds to various needs: nutrition, physical activity, sleep, and social relations. Moreover, by cancer, this proposal covers several cancers, although it recognizes that certain diets and lifestyles may be more effective for some kinds of cancers and that physical, genetic, and psychological variables can also impact, not only the successful (i.e. consistent and disciplined) adoption of healthy lifestyles and diets but also the effectiveness of a healthy living approach.

Is China a Threat to Indian Industry Essay Example for Free

Is China a Threat to Indian Industry Essay Renewable energy has huge potential to provide solution to increase energy crisis and it is the key factor to the future of energy, food and economic security, said participants at a seminar organized by greentech and Bengal National Chamber of Commerce and Industry. We are a growing economy. So our energy requirement is also growing. But we dont produce enough energy to meet even our current needs. With depleting fossil fuel reserves and concerns about its environmental impact, renewable energy is the only long-term solution, said Bibek Bandhopadhyay, advisor at the ministry of new and renewable energy. At present, Indias installed power capacity is 2,10,645 MW with renewable energy contributing 26,900 MW or 12.4%. From various energy technologies, a capacity addition of about 30,000 MW has been planned during the 12th Plan period 2012-2017. The focus is now on mainstreaming renewable energy technologies so that it becomes cost-effective. Of this, 69% is generation from wind and 4.5% from solar. Incidentally, India was the first country to set up a ministry of non-conventional energy resources in the early 1980s. India is densely populated and has high solar insolation, an ideal combination for using solar power in India. Much of the country does not have an electric grid, so one of the first applications of solar power has been for water pumping, to begin replacing Indias 4-5 million diesel powered water pumps, each consuming about 3.5 kilowatts, and off-grid lighting. Some large projects have been proposed, and a 35,000 sq km area of the Thar desert has been set aside for solar power projects, sufficient to generate 700 to 2,100 GW. The Indian Solar Loan Programme, supported by the United Nations Environment Programme has won the prestigious Energy Globe World award for sustainability for helping to establish a consumer financing program for solar home power systems. Over the span of three years more than 16,000 solar home systems have been financed through 2,000 bank branches, particularly in rural areas of south India where there is no grid electricty. Launched in 2003, the Indian Solar Loan Programme was a four-year partnership between UNEP, the UNEP Risoe Centre, and the Canara Bank and Syndicate Bank. Announced in November 2009, the Government of India proposed to launch its Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission under the National Action Plan on Climate Change with plans to generate 1,000 MW of power by 2013 and up to 20,000 MW grid-based solar power, 2,000 MW of off-grid solar power and cover 20 million sq metres with collectors by the end of the final phase of the mission in 2020. Development of wind power in India began in the 1990s and has increased in recent years. Although a relative newcomer to the wind industry compared with Denmark or the US, domestic policy support for wind power has led India to become the country with the fifth largest installed wind power capacity in the world. As of December 2010, the installed capacity of wind power in India was 13,065.37 MW, mainly spread across Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Kerala and West Bengal. Wind power accounts for 6% of Indias total installed power capacity, and it generates 1.6% of the countrys power. Every year, about 55 million tonnes of municipal solid waste and 38 billion litres of sewage are generated in the urban areas of India. In addition, large quantities of solid and liquid wastes are generated by industries. Waste generation in India is expected to increase rapidly in the future. As more people migrate to urban areas and as incomes increase, consumption levels are likely to rise, as are rates of waste generation. It is estimated that the amount of waste generated in India will increase at a per capita rate of approximately 1-1.33% annually. This has significant impacts on the amount of land that is and will be needed for disposal, economic costs of collecting and transporting waste, and the environmental consequences of increased MSW generation levels.

Definition Of Corporate Social Responsibility Commerce Essay

Definition Of Corporate Social Responsibility Commerce Essay There is no single authoritative definition of CSR (ISO COPOLCO, 2002). Various definitions embracing a vast number of concepts traditionally frames as environmental concerns, public relations, human resources management and community relations were used to defined CSR. One of the most referred definition is by the World Business Council for Sustainable Development( WBCSD) ( 1999) that defines CSR as the continuing commitment by business to behave ethically and contribute to economic development while improving the quality of life of the workforce and their families as well as of the local community and society at large Businesses not only have the economic responsibility of being profitable and the legal responsibility to follow the laws or ground rules that guide their ability to achieve their economic requirements, but they also have ethical responsibilities that include a range of societal norms, or standards (Carroll, 2000). CSR has been around for more than two decades. During the later half of twentieth century there arose the idea of the corporate social contract, which today underlies the CSR concept. Given the sometimes adverse effects of business decision making on society as well as corporate reliance on society, the notion of an implied corporate social contract was conceived by social and economic theorists. This contract spells out societys expectations of business as well as (although much less discussed) businesss expectations of society (Bowie, 1983). CSR means being a good steward of societys economic and human resources ( Journal of Consumer Marketing, 2001). In summary, CSR entails the obligation stemming from the implicit social contract between business and society for firms to be responsive to societys long-run needs and wants, optimizing the positive effects and minimizing the negative effects of its actions on society. To synchronize that organizational social responsibility concerns are treated in the same routine manner in which legal, financial, and marketing concerns are addressed, four theories of corporate social responsibility have been advanced in the literature. The four positions are the classical, stakeholder, social demandingness, and social activist theories. The classical theory is the oldest of the four, and is grounded in classical economic theory. Firstly business executives are said to be primarily responsible to the shareholders of the corporation and their primary goal is to promote efficiency and secure effective economic performance. Secondly managers are said to be responsible to respond to the shareholders demands. These views are often thought to coincide with each other, because it is usually assumed that the main demand of shareholders is to maximize economic performance. In addition, both versions agree that managers are to perform their corporate function according to the laws and, thus, to avoid such things as fraud and deception. Friedman (1970), points out Here the businessman self-selected or appointed directly or indirectly by stockholders is to be simultaneously legislator, executive, or jurist. He becomes in effect a public employee, a civil servant and even though he remains in name an employee of a private enter prise. This theory, albeit the oldest of the four theories, is still well and alive; it has many supporters and proponents among academicians and practitioners. The second theory is the stakeholder theory which integrates the main idea of classical theory, that is, corporate executives are responsible to stockholders. Nevertheless, what differs it from classical theory is that other groups are directly affected by the conduct and decision of the firm. These groups can employees, consumers, creditors, suppliers, and legal sub-systems who have a stake in the organisation and who might affect, in one way or another, the corporate decision making process. Furthermore, corporate executives have a direct responsibility to promote the interests of these groups. The main disagreement among stakeholder theorists, however, over whether stakeholder interests of these groups take precedence over the financial interests of stockholders or the stakeholder interests are the overriding ones. Social demandingness theorists argue that corporations have a responsibility to protect and promote certain interests of the general public. They agree with the stakeholder theorists that the interests of stakeholder groups are important, but they believe that these interests do not override non-stakeholders interests or demands for such things as safety, health, freedom, and prosperity. As with the stakeholder theory, this theory repudiates the notion that there is some balanced or sensible list of tangible responsibilities that corporate executives always have toward society. The list varies as the nature and ranking of the interests or demands of the public change. The fourth and final theory is the social activist theory which is distinctively the most socially and morally demanding of the four theories. While agreeing with the stakeholders and social demandingness theories that executives have responsibilities toward stakeholders groups and the general public, social activists theorists argue that corporate managers should sometimes strive to undertake projects that advance the interests of the public even when these undertakings are neither expected nor demanded by them. Social activists theorists contend that such projects should, for the most part, be in the area of corporate know-how, but they sometimes urge that executives deliberately take on social projects for which they have no special training or expertise 2.1 Types of CSR and Corporate Governance The notion that business has duties to society is firmly entrenched, although in the past several decades there has been a revolution in the way people view the relationship between business and society. Carroll (1979) and other researchers believe that we should judge corporations not just on their economic success, but also on non-economic criteria. Carroll (1979) proposed a popular four-part definition of CSR, suggesting that corporations have four responsibilities or four faces (Carroll, 2000b, p. 187) to fulfill to be good corporate citizens: economic, legal, ethical and philanthropic: Economic responsibility. Economic responsibility is to be profitable for principals, by delivering a good quality product, at a fair price, is due to customers. Legal responsibilities. Legal duties entail complying with the law and playing by the rules of the game Ethical responsibilities. Ethical duties overcome the limitations of legal duties. They entail being moral, doing what is right, just, and fair; respecting peoples moral rights; and avoiding harm or social injury as well as preventing harm caused by others (Smith and Quelch, 1993). Philanthropic responsibility. Interest in doing good for society, regardless of its impact on the bottom line is what is called altruistic, humanitarian or philanthropic CSR. Giving back time and money in the forms of voluntary service, voluntary association and voluntary giving is where most of the controversy over the legitimacy of CSR lies. CORPORATE GOUVERNANCE (CG) Moreover, CSR is closely linked with the Corporate Governance of the organization, be it hotel organization. Any of those types of CSR should start in the hotel organizations first and then move to external environment. The key people should be taken into consideration so the CSR practices should be geared towards the internal customers who will in turn become CSR delegates to reach the external customers and environment. Companies must improve their business models by bringing CSR and sustainability into their strategy. Shleifer and Vishny (1997) define Corporate Governance as the ways in which suppliers of finance to organisations assure themselves of getting a return on investment. Over the years, Corporate Governance has evolved from the traditional profit-centered model. By incorporating the community in which firms operate, the political environment, laws and regulations, and more generally the markets in which firms are involved. 2.3 Vision of the Government Concerning CSR For the past decades, CSR activities were practice by many organizations, but it was done on an unequal proportion. To this effect, The Minister of Finance, in his 2009 budget speech announced the legal creation of the CSR Fund. After amendments, the Income Tax Act (1995 Consolidated) stipulates, any company making a profit is required as per Section 50K and 50L to contribute 2% of its book profit. This helped to create a CSR Fund so as to finance the different CSR activities in which the company is involved. The Government of Mauritius designed a framework with the objective of mandating registered companies to pay 2% of their book profit towards CSR programs that contribute to the social and environmental development of the country. 2.4 Legal framework of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) The legalization of CSR, has designed a new framework whereby, any company adopting a CSR activity, should first seek for approval from the CSR Committee so as the program be accredited as an eligible one. Below, are the different changes brought in the legislation so as ease CSR practitioners. Key areas can be found in the Amended Income Tax Act (1995 Consolidated, Section 50K and 50L) which are as follows; Approved non governmental organization (NGO). The NGO should follow certain criteria. These criteria can be summarized as follows; The NGO should have a legal locus stand The NGO should be run on a non-profit basis. The cost involved in implementing the CSR program should not exceed 15% of the total cost. Proper records and books should be kept by the NGO and must summit certified audit reports. Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV). Any company whose CSR Fund exceeds Rs. 2 million can use a Special Vehicle to implement its CSR programs. The criteria for Special Purpose Vehicle and an approved NGO are the same. Corporate Partners. Sometime, companies call upon organizations which conduct CSR activities on behalf of the company. These organizations should follow the same criteria as above, to the exception that companies with a CSR budget less than Rs. 2 million, using a corporate partner should not spend more than 25% of the 2% CSR value budget in implementing the CSR programs. The CSR Committee has adopted two categories of CSR Fund: The 2% of the book profit is equal to Rs.2 million or above, that is, CSR programs are conducted with a CSR Fund of equal Rs 2 million or above. The 2% of the book profit is less than the Rs. 2 million, that is, CSR programsare conducted with a CSR Fund of less than Rs 2 million. Figure 1 and 2 below shows how fund are being channeled so as to harmonize CSR practices. Figure 1(Modalities for a company with book profit less than Rs 100 million) Figure 2(Modalities for a company with book profit above Rs 100 million) As seen above, figure 1 and 2 shows clearly, if any amount of unused fund from the CSR Fund should be remitted to the Mauritius Revenue Authority (MRA). All companies, remitting their return at the end of a tax year should submit a return on the different CSR activities undertaken by the company during the tax year. 2.5 CSR Fund This refers to the amount collected for implementing CSR activities. As seen above, in Figure 1and 2, programs can be either corporate or national. Corporate CSR programs are those activities internal to a company. The usual beneficiaries are the company employees. It may vary from size of the company to the number of employee within. Corporate programs are financed by the of the 2% book profit. National program are those programs, which are perceived as national inequalities. Example of National program can be: Socio Economic Development( fight against gender and human rights) Health Education and training( empowering women) Leisure and sports Environment Calamities intervention and support Eradicating absolute poverty Any amount left, unused in the corporate CSR Fund, is remitted to the MRA. This amount is deposited in the National CSR Fund which will be used to combat the above mention inequalities. The National CSR Fund is approximately of Rs 2 billion( CSO,2010). 2.6 The Hospitality Industry -Definitions Definitions of the hospitality have been approached from a number of different perspectives. Most of them combine physiological and psychological elements with security and levels of service. Hospitality is concerned with the provision of physiological and psychological comfort with defined levels of service. The satisfactions may be physiological (thirst, bed, warmth), economic (value for money), social (company, service) and psychological (self-esteem, status, security). C. Cooper, R. shepherd, J.Westlake (1994) Even if the approach to defining hospitality may shift according to the authors, there are a number of integral elements that are common to all. These are: Hospitality is a complex combination of tangible and intangible features and benefits Hospitality involves a satisfying interaction between the service provider and the customer Hospitality provides guests with security, psychological and physiological comfort by offering food, beverage and accommodation. Therefore, bearing in mind the above characteristics, a simpler definition of the hospitality industry may be: The Hospitality Industry is involved with providing accommodations, food, beverage, entertainment, comfort and recreation for travelers away from their usual residences and normal surroundings. The industry also naturally look forward to meet the customers needs for safety and support of their persons, property, modes of transportation, and even the varying purpose of their travel. Speaking generally, those who make use of hospitality services demand attainment of a professional level of quality consistent with world standards, although perhaps adjusted for local conditions. They anticipate the facilities will be clean, comfortable, safe and secure. They expect good food and beverage at a reasonable rate. Furthermore, they look for courtesy, friendliness, respect and identification from the host. Perhaps more importantly they demand honesty, truth and equity in their dealings with the operator and his employees. 2.7 Hospitality Industry In Mauritius HISTORICAL BACKGROUND In Mauritius, the first hotel was the Park Hotel in 1952 so as to accommodate the crew members coming at that time. Then came the Mauritius Hotel, the first beach hotel, built in 1954 at Le Morne followed by Le Chaland, another beach hotel in 1961. But the real development of tourism took place soon after Mauritius got its independence from the British. In early 1970`s the creation of Trou aux Biches Hotel by the Mauritius Hotels, the setting up of the Club Medità ©ranà ©e and the Saint Gà ©ran Hotel by the Southern Sun Hotels as well as the Merville Beach Hotel by the ex-British Colons who wanted to come back here during the winter months of England. The Mauritius Hotel is now the Beachcomber group and the Southern Sun Hotels is the Sun International Resorts Limited. At present there are 105 hotels in Mauritius (operational) and there are not less than 5 more under construction as per the registered list set by the Ministry of Tourism. The numbers of hotels, rooms and bed places have increased constantly from 1991. Moreover the Prime Minister has announced his vision to reach 2 million tourists in 2015. Consequently an average annual growth of 10% in tourist arrival is expected. In order to reach this target, an approximate number of 18500 rooms should be made available. This will bring about the creation of around 37000 direct jobs and double the amount in terms of indirect jobs. Due to the rapid growth of tourism and hospitality industry, government has introduced incentives for the private sector to bring in a sustainable development, namely by corporate governance and corporate social responsibility. This is achievable through proper public-private sector partnership. Overview of the Hotel industry IN MAURITIUS The hospitality industry in Mauritius has developed rapidly during the past 25 years. The coastal regions as well as the interior part of the island are constantly changing with the construction of the hotels and the increasing number of vehicles being used for the tourism industry. In 2007, the tourism industry was considered the third pillar of the economy after Sugar and Textile, and currently it plays a vital role in the economic growth of the country. The undoubted fall of 35% in the price of sugar and the removal of preference agreement with the EU market, has earmarked the tourism industry as the main industry capable of boosting the Mauritian economy. In April 2010, according to the last bulletin published by the Central Statistical Office (CSO), Mauritius welcomed 249,971 tourists as compared to 232,908 in corresponding quarter in 2009, registering a 7.3% growth. Net receipt of Rs 11,021 million, that is, a growth of 7.4% compared to Rs 10,265 million for the same period last year. Figure 3 below show the arrival of tourist compared to the same period last year. Figure 3; table of arrival of tourist till the end of March Source: CSO data dated April 2010 But after two decades of impressive growth, the need for responsible corporate governance has been felt in the country as the attitudes; mentality and knowledge of those working in that industry have not evolved at the same pace in terms of social responsibility and environmental awareness. Impacts of this rapid and somehow unplanned development are being experienced in the environment at large. Still, a lot has to be done to meet the competitive edge through proper campaign and involvement of all stakeholders so as to contribute towards sustainable development of the hospitality sector. In order to support its continuous growth, the Mauritian Tourism and Hospitality industry needs well-trained staff with full knowledge of their product while respecting the socio-economic and cultural environment in which the Mauritian tourism product is evolving. It is really important to maintain a high standard of efficiency and service so as to meet the requirements of an increasingly competitive and sophisticated global market. 2.8 CSR in the hotel industry In Mauritius Within the hospitality industry it has been agreed that there are increasing environmental and societal concerns. The big question is how to manage our environmental impact as demand grows against a backdrop of increasing vulnerability. As a result of demand for more sustainable destinations and travel preferences, management policies are being felt. Hotels practicing CSR look at the following areas: Workplace (where employees are treated equally and fairly) Marketplace (stakeholders) Environment (which has to be sustained for the future generation) Community Ethics Human rights Many hotels are now aware of CSR practices and have begun to use environmental-friendly products. Hotels in Mauritius are reducing the use of hazardous or non-degradable chemicals. Big hotel chains like Oberoi Mauritius recycle oil, water and plastic bottles while all hotels with more than 50 rooms are compel to recycle water as per the legislation. Hotels tend to purchase products that have a reduced environmental impact during their life cycle, from suppliers that demonstrate environmental and social responsibility to their customers and the society. Furthermore, Association des Hoteliers et Restaurateurs de L`Ile Maurice (AHRIM), is fully supporting the CSR initiatives initiated by the Mauritian Government. Through its members, they are actively putting forward the CSR activities on a regional basis all over the island. Stakeholders (employees, customers, shareholders, suppliers, business partners, government) are getting more and more involved the hotels CSR activities. Hotel employees are educated to make a conscious decision in favour of environment and social issues in their private and business lives. Hotel guests are informed about CSR activities and are asked to participate in responsible business activities within the hotels and to work together to find innovative solutions that satisfy the hotels economic, environmental and social objectives. Managers are asked to abide by local and EU legislation especially on labour laws, health and safety, human rights and the environment. A great deal can be done when developing a hotel property in order to make both the development process and the eventual operation more environmentally sustainable. One of the aims of CSR is to make the community benefit from the hotel industry. 2.9 Benefits of CSR in the hotel industry Hotels who adopt CSR into their operations and public image depend on the following factors: Size Level of diversification Research and Development Advertising Government Intervention Consumer Income Labour market conditions Stage of the industry life cycle However this differs for different hotel organization, for example, larger hotels like international hotel chains may operate a CSR program at a lower cost than a small hotel because of economies of scale. It is a method for organization to distinguish themselves from their competitors Firstly, hotels benefit from CSR as it helps to reduce operating cost such as implementing of recycling and energy saving programs. Secondly, their brand image and reputation are enhanced as consumers prefer companies with CSR programs. Another benefit derived by hotels is in terms of productivity and quality since productivity goes up whenever working conditions improve. Other beneficiaries of the CSR programs are immediate environment in which the company is evolving. It comprises of the local community, neighboring villages, employees who usually live in those areas, the hotel guests and the host country at large. Hotels are expected to have ethical and social commitments, valued connections with partners and consistency over time to build trust with the stakeholders. In doing so, the hotel organizations are also developing societal marketing concept, therefore beneficiate from it.