Analysis of Activity Based Accounting The WritePass Journal

Examination of Activity Based Accounting Catalog: Examination of Activity Based Accounting IntroductionActivity Based Costing AdvantagesAdvantages of changing to machine hours as an overhead recuperation base:Comparison among three bookkeeping strategies: Multiple volume based portion method:ABC Method:Bibliography: References:Related Presentation Action Based Costing (ABC), an apparatus for cost the executives, has as of late picked up notoriety, depends on a basic thought: in an endeavor, overhead (or working costs) are estimated by various exercises expected to effectively perform assembling and business forms. The all out expense of an item is the whole of the expenses of exercises that are the genuine reason for the overhead incorporate building up merchant relations, buying, getting, setting up a machine, running the machine, dispensing, revamping the creation stream, overhauling the item, and taking a client request (Turney, 1989). By structure, ABC gives moderately precise cost information, yet in addition data about the inception of the cost (Cooper and Kaplan, 1988).In ABC, the assembling overhead are alloted to items in a more intelligent way than the customary methodology of essentially assigning costs based on machine hours. It allows the significant differentiation between asset use and asset spending (Cooper and Kaplan, 1992). Customary cost models apply assets to items in two different ways. Purported direct costs like material and direct work are ascribed straightforwardly to the item and different assets are discretionarily designated to the item, regularly through the component of direct work hours, work dollars or machine hours. Deals, advertising and managerial expenses are excluded from item costs. In any case, Activity Based Costing (ABC) doesn't change the manner in which material and direct work are credited to fabricated items with the exemption that immediate work loses its exceptional spot as a proxy application technique for overhead assets. Direct work is viewed as another cost pool to be doled out to procedures and items in a significant way, the same than some other asset. The essential undertaking of movement based costing is to break out aberrant exercises into important pools which would then be able to be appointed to forms in a way which better mirrors the manner in which expenses are really caused. The framework must perceive that assets are devoured by procedures or items in various extents for every movement Action Based Costing Advantages  â â â â â â â â â More precise costing of items/administrations, clients and conveyance channels.  â â â â â â â â â Better seeing overhead for everybody.  â â â â â â â â â Utilizes unit cost instead of simply all out expense.  â â â â â â â â â Integrates well with Six Sigma and different consistent improvement programs.  â â â â â â â â â Makes obvious waste and non-esteem included.  â â â â â â â â â Supports execution the board and scorecards.  â â â â â â â â â Enables costing of procedures, gracefully chains and worth streams.  â â â â â â â â â Here mirrors way work is finished.  â â â â â â â â â Support encourages benchmarking.  â â â â â â â â â One of advantage of ABC is,  it improve the key dynamic for directors in an organization .They can bring new data that they haven’t saw previously so they can take better choice about expense.  â â â â â â â â â Help the administrator to comprehend where there are part more expense and goad it breaks activity as should be obvious in power trickle pressing in labor and systems of support. Preferences of changing to machine hours as an overhead recuperation base: 1. With machine hour rate, the Cylinder fabricating organization (CMC) can denounce practically all working costs based on machines. 2. With the assistance of under retention of machine overhead, CMC can locate the inert time of machine. At that point, can attempt to lessen it. 3. It is helpful to build effectiveness of machine, in light of the fact that CMC can utilize it compelling way and all overheads relies upon it. 4. It is a logical technique to compute industrial facility overhead expense. 5. By this, CMC can right off the bat compute complete creation cost, after this, it is anything but difficult to figure selling cost of any item. 6. On the off chance that we ingested overheads based on machine hours, CMC can get progressively important and precise item cost contrasted with work hours. On the off chance that we take a gander at the Cylinder producing organization contextual investigation, at that point we will locate the accompanying overheads dependent on machine hours and work hours. For overheads dependent on work hours The Budgeted work rate =  £149.825 per dlh Complete overheads for Standard items =  £149.825 per dlh x 2,500 dlh =  £374,562.5 Complete overheads for Specialized items =  £149.825 per dlh x 1,500 dlh =  £224,737.5 Overheads dependent on machine hours Complete machine hours=6500. Complete overheads to be distributed=â £599,300 Planned overhead weight/machine hour=599300/6500 =â £92.2 pounds. Absolute Overhead weight for standard products=92.2*3500=â £322,700. Absolute Overhead weight for specific products=92.2*3000=â £276,600. In the event that Cylinder fabricating organization utilizes machine hours for overhead computation rather than work hours, at that point the yield will be progressively precise. It is very simple to discover the machine hours accurately than work hours. As the machine is in mechanized framework, from a machine they can locate the right data about the all out machine hours utilized by an item. In addition the proficiency of all machines are on the whole generally same however it’s change a great deal for works, since every single person effectiveness isn't same. On account of work hour the distinction between overheads for standard item and specific item is high. Be that as it may, for machine hours it is moderately low. Be that as it may, we know, specific item needs more machine hours than the standard items. In this way, the hole ought to be low. Along these lines, we can say consumed overheads based on machine hours give more precise yield than ingested overheads on work hours. At that point the administrator can know the expense of sell all the more precisely and select right estimating for the item and augmenting the benefit. Correlation among three bookkeeping techniques: Here, I will be working through the gave information multiple times. Right off the bat, I will show how customary cost bookkeeping strategies may manage them; also to take a gander at the different volume based overhead strategy; and, at last, I will delineate the ABC technique utilizing all of  the information in extraordinary detail. Customary allotment technique (direct work hours premise): The immediate work hour rate is all out overheads all out number of work hours 599,300 4,000  £149.825 per dlh The overheads recouped are: Direct work hour rate x number of direct work hours per item For Standard items, the estimation is:  £149.825 per dlh x 2,500 dlh =  £374,562.5 For Specialized items, the estimation is:  £149.825 per dlh x 1,500 dlh =  £224,737.5 Different volume based allotment technique: This technique has a development on the conventional distribution strategy in that it makes some remittance for exercises to impact the ingestion of overheads. On account of Cylinder fabricating organization, two retention rates to apply here: the getting office overhead rate, and the other overhead rate The thinking here is that, the association I am reenacting is utilizing a two rate premise of distributing overheads: right off the bat, a material taking care of overhead rate is utilized to dole out overhead to a different cost community based on the quantity of number of stores orders; also the entirety of different overheads are allocated utilizing a general machine hour rate on the premise that the quantity of machine hours far surpasses the quantity of work hours. The Materials dealing with overhead rate is All out Materials dealing with overheads All out number of stores orders  £119,600 460  £260 per stores orders For Standard items,  £260 per stores orders x 160 stores orders =  £41,600 For Specialized items,  £260 per stores orders x 300 stores orders =  £78,000 The other overhead rate, determined by separating the all out different overheads by the quantity of machine hours applied, is:  £599,300  £119,600 6,500 machine hours  £479,700 6,500 machine hours  £73.8 per machine hours For Standard items different overheads cost is,  £73.8 per machine hours x 3500 machine hours =  £258,300 For Specialized items different overheads cost is,  £73.8 per machine hours x 3000 machine hours =  £221,400 Along these lines, All out overhead weight for standard product=  £299,900 All out overhead weight for standard product=  £299,400 ABC Method: To apply the ABC technique, we have to recognize cost drivers for two phases: 1 cost drivers following the expenses of contributions to cost pools; and 2 cost drivers following the cost pools into item costs The functions that follow show unmistakably how such cost drivers work through the ABC framework in these two phases: an underlying overhead sum being additionally partitioned into two sections concurring the necessities of the circumstance. Cost of machines driven by machine hours Standard item = 3,500/6,500*279,500=â £150,500 Specific 3,000/6,500*279,500=â £129,000. Set up and designing help cost driven by number of set ups. Standard item = 80/280*200,200=â £57,200 Particular item = 200/280*200,200=â £143,000 Material dealing with cost driven by number of stores orders Standard item = 160/460*119,600=â £41,600 Specific item = 300/460*119,600=â £78,000 Complete overhead weight for standard item =  £249,300 Complete overhead weight for particular item =  £350,000 Absolute overheads for standard and specific item in three acco

How to write to your clients - The Lawyer - Emphasis

The most effective method to keep in touch with your customers - The Lawyer Instructions to keep in touch with your customers The Lawyer Legal counselors are not prestigious for their punchy composition. Be that as it may, customers don't have the opportunity to be astounded by confounding wording and verbosity; nor do they acknowledge ineffectively organized contentions and overtechnical clarifications. What they need is clear and concise guidance. Regardless of whether you are composing a legitimate understanding or an email, here are some broad tips that will assist you with improving your composing abilities: Concentrate on your peruser. Consider who will understand it and what data they need. Consider whether they need back-up detail just as forthright proposals. Consider the amount they definitely think about the subject, what their feasible mentality to the counsel will be and if there are a particular issues concerning them. When composing for partners, make your guidelines understood. Abstain from creating bunch messages that are a psyche dump of all the activity focuses. This ensures something doesn't complete on the grounds that everybody trusts another person is doing it. Explain who needs to do what. Never utilize the creative cycle to explain your musings. Have an away from of what to compose heretofore, else you hazard having no legitimate structure. Consider the fundamental branches of knowledge and issues you have to cover. Ensure they answer the inquiries: what, where, when, how, why and who. At that point utilize each going to conceptualize all the focuses identified with that subject. Next, consider the structure and choose what goes where and in what position. Just data that is basic to all perusers ought to go in the fundamental body of the content. Be merciless and consign any data that is significant or important to addendums or references. Also, ensure your primary message is at the bleeding edge, not covered underneath layers of detail and supporting proof. Keep passages and sentences short. Long passages and overwhelming squares of content are a genuine mood killer. So are long, complex sentences that must be perused more than once to comprehend. Avoid long words and extravagant expressions. As opposed to mainstream thinking, these are not an indication of keenness or polished skill. Customers are extremely occupied to invest energy decoding them. Utilize dynamic language at every possible opportunity. Dynamic action words make your composing simpler to peruse. So compose, X researched the customers job in the undertaking, as opposed to, The pretended by the customer in the task was examined by X. Favor action words over things. Use action words, for example, consider and give as opposed to structures, for example, offer thought to and the arrangement of. Maintain a strategic distance from poor sentence structure, accentuation and spelling this will subvert your validity and propose you couldn't care less. Robert Ashton, Chief Executive, Emphasis

Stress-Relieving Benefits of Watching Cute Animal Videos

Stress-Relieving Benefits of Watching Cute Animal Videos Stress Management Management Techniques Print Stress-Relieving Benefits of Watching Cute Animal Videos By Elizabeth Scott, MS twitter Elizabeth Scott, MS, is a wellness coach specializing in stress management and quality of life, and the author of 8 Keys to Stress Management. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Scott, MS Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on September 21, 2017 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on March 25, 2018 How Stress Impacts Your Health Overview Signs of Burnout Stress and Weight Gain Benefits of Exercise Stress Reduction Tips Self-Care Practices Mindful Living dixi/istock There are many types of posts people make on social media, and virtually everyone has seen the most popular categories of posts. There are the political posts, which can be stressful. (In fact, a recent study from the American Psychological Association showed that many of us experience the preponderance of political posts and discussions we encounter to be a significant stressor in our lives.) There are the humble brags, which can be humorous, but also stressful. (Again, this research shows that the social comparison that’s facilitated by social media can be a real source of stress and can make us feel bad about ourselves as we compare our regular lives to the best versions of others’ lives, which make up the majority of some people’s posts.) Discussions can turn into conflicts and many posts can feel stressful to read, even if we don’t realize it at the time. Much of what we spend our time reading on social media can make us feel more stressed and drained rather than less so . And then there are the posts that show pictures or videos of cute animals. This is the type of post that you’d expect your sweet aunt to post, or perhaps your friend who’s an extreme animal lover. This is also one type of post that is often underappreciated and seen as lacking in importance and substance.  However, perhaps we should all be spending more time looking at these uplifting videos.  Some research suggests that they can not only lift our moods but help us build resilience to stress in the long run. If that doesn’t have your attention, it should. The Case for Cute Animal Videos There are several studies that hint at the benefits of viewing pictures of cute animals, and these benefits may be more far-reaching than one would think. While no single study provides a complete picture, a group of studies seems to show a link between cute animal videos and less stress, and possibly greater satisfaction with many areas of life. Consider the following: Animal Photos and Marital Bliss: One study led by James McNulty of Florida State University found that they could improve marital satisfaction with the use of cute animal photos. More specifically, they took 144 couples who had been married for less than five years and had them complete marital satisfaction surveys. Then they asked them to view to view a stream of images three times a week for six weeks. Those in the experimental group always saw a stream of images that included their partner paired with visuals of cute animals or words like, “wonderful,” while the other group saw pictures of their partners paired with neutral objects like buttons. After six weeks, the group with the cute animals paired with their spouses had more positive automatic responses to their spouses. Additionally, they demonstrated more satisfaction with their marriages, and improvements that came to a higher degree than those in the control groups. These findings even surprised the researchers but show ed that there is a real potential benefit to viewing pictures of cute animals and that this can help people to feel more positively about other things (and people) in their lives as well. Mood Lifts and Resilience to Stress: Another series of studies by researcher Barbara Fredrickson found that by lifting one’s moodâ€"something known as “inducing positive effect,” people can broaden the range of options they see in their lives, leading themselves to become more aware of potential resources available to them and to build upon those resources. This process can lead to more positive moods, greater resource-building, and, in essence, an “upward spiral of positivity” that leads to greater resilience to stress, among many other things. (Research has found that many things are linked in this upward spiral, so it’s highly beneficial.) This can all be triggered by virtually anything that gets us into a more positive emotional state, but cute animal visuals seem to fit that bill. Videos Are Great Mood-Changers: Finally, in the world of positive affect-induction (what led to resource-building in Fredrickson’s studies), researchers have been studying which techniques work the best. They’ve found that gratitude journaling can lead to increases in positive affect, as can visualizations of good things happening to us, loving-kindness meditations, and many other things. Positive videos have been found to be one of the strongest good-mood-inducers, however. One review of several studies found that videos had a stronger effect on mood than music or several other mood-induction techniques. This means that videos of things that lift our moodâ€"and cute animal images have been found to do thisâ€"can lead to these “upward positivity spirals” and the life satisfaction and resilience to stress that they bring. This makes them well worth the time it takes to watch them, at least in moderation. Cute Animals Boost Productivity: OK, back to research on animal videos in particular. A Japanese researcher named Hiroshi Nittono found that study participants who looked at pictures of puppies and panda cams, as well as grumpy cat videos, experienced not only mood boosts but increases in their productivity as well. In the study, subjects performed several tasks that required skill and concentration (including the board game, “Operation”) before and after viewing pictures of baby animals, adult animals, and neutral items like food. Those who viewed the cute baby animal pictures performed significantly better than the other two groups after the viewing. It was thought that the rise in productivity was due to a few factors including the mood lift (which fits well with the previous research by Fredrickson), and the fact that the videos helped subjects to narrow their focus. So while the enjoyment you find in viewing videos of cute animals can be its own reward, many people may be reluctant to share these videos because they may seem unimportant compared to more serious or ego-enhancing content we could be putting out there. Some people may feel it’s a waste of time to watch the videos when more important things are happening in the world. But stress management and emotional self-care are very important for our ability to not only function well in our lives but to be resilient enough to be there for each other. That makes this “fluffy” pastime perhaps a little less frivolous. More Mood Boosters In addition to watching videos of cute animals, there are other ways to boost positive affect and let the mood boost give you a life boost. The following have been found (by some of the research mentioned above) to give you a boost in mood as well. You can try these activities in addition to watching animal videos, or sometimes when you have no cute animals handy. You can never find too many mood boosters. Gratitude Journaling: At the beginning of your day, list three things for which you are grateful. You can also do this at the end of the day, listing things that happened that day or people you saw that provoke a sense of gratitude. You can elaborate as much as you like, but even a brief list can help you to feel better about your life and give you a lift in mood that you can carry with you throughout the day.Positive Visualizations: One study had participants spend four minutes visualizing positive events happening to them. They can either be good things that happened in the past or fantasy events like winning the lottery. The four minutes can be spent imagining in detail how you felt when this happened, or how you would feel. Remember or imagine sensory details, emotions, and what happens next.Loving-Kindness Meditation: This technique has been shown again and again to have many benefits for happiness and a sense of connection. Basically, you imagine feeling positive, peaceful feel ings toward yourself, embracing yourself with positivity. Then you expand the good feelings and extend them toward those in your family and your closest friend. You extend the circle of acquaintances and even enemies until you are thinking about everyone in the world and envisioning positive feelings toward them. There are more specifics you can put into action with practice, but you can learn  the basics. This can take a couple of minutes or 15 to 20, depending on how much time you have.? There are other ways to boost your mood (exercise, seeing a good friend, even enjoying a cup of tea), so experiment away. This is a great list to start with, however, and it’s a great idea to incorporate these things into your daily life. And cute animals can be the first thing you try. How Video Games Can Be Used for Stress Relief

To The Lighthouse, by Virginia Woolf Essay - 1237 Words

The opening scene of To The Lighthouse between Mr Ramsay and Mrs Ramsay displays the gender division that flows throughout this passage highlighting Woolf’s own perspective on society and sexuality between genders. Woolf supports the belief in a complete change to society resulting in a non – hierarchical society. Woolf felt for this to happen aside from the practical changes, that a radical redefinition of sexuality was also needed. The novel focuses on sexual issues of the twentieth century central to feminist campaigns, such as marriage being a form of institutionalized slavery . She brings to attention one of Freud’s most well-known theory, the oedipal conflict. The author draws upon the story of Oedipus who kills his father and†¦show more content†¦Woolf draws upon this concept of children in order to highlight child development and the ways in which, through the characters eyes the change of sexes and gender roles are seen to unfold as the novel re aches its conclusion. Symbolically, the end of the novel shows the beginning scene again yet the focus is on the characters which have now developed. James accepts going to the lighthouse not because he wants to, rather due to his father’s insistence, thereby showing a level of maturity and the disappearance of the oedipal complex displaying to the reader that his childhood is also gone as he is now older. In accepting his father’s wishes James takes the position of being an obedient son rather than a threat to his masculinity and sexual competition. Woolf highlights her characters development, in doing so focuses on the change that occurs through life. Woolf attempts to focus on these issues of sexuality and ‘radically changing the defining of sexuality’ in society thus bringing about change is open to question. Arguably, social construction of gender â€Å"is untenable on both logical and empirical grounds† due to these constructions being unstable and changeable they are not biologically created, therefore it can be altered and thought of from different points ofShow MoreRelatedThe Lighthouse By Virginia Woolf1154 Words   |  5 PagesThe purpose of a lighthouse is to serve as a navigational aid to shores or ports and to warn boats of dangerous areas. To the Lighthouse by Virginia Woolf is a novel that teaches how one person can affect the lives of people around them by, in a sense, shining a light on the person’s specific traits. In the novel, Mrs. Ramsay is one of the main characters that unfortunately does not make it to the end of the story, but her presence is shadowed throughout the novel where she is not there physicallyRead MoreThe And The Lighthouse By Virginia Woolf2070 Words   |  9 Pagesresponse to this rising uncertainty. 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Essay on We Must Reform Marijuana Laws - 773 Words

According to government figures, nearly 70 million Americans have smoked marijuana at some time in their lives. 18 million have smoked marijuana within the last year, and ten million are regular smokers. Almost all of the people arrested for marijuana are arrested for possession. And because of harsh federal and state penalties, these people may be sentenced to lengthy jail terms. This is an abuse of drug laws in a great nation. The marijuana laws need to be reformed, and the war against marijuana rethought. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;One reason these laws need to be rethought is for medicinal purposes. Most people think marijuana is a dangerous drug that can kill. This is true if taken in heavy doses but that’s also true for†¦show more content†¦And yet refuses marijuana into the medical field. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Another reason to reform the marijuana laws is to help our country socially and economically. 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The prohibition against marijuana hasn’t stopped marijuana use by teens, or anyone else. Research has been done on high school seniors in decriminalized statesShow MoreRelatedThe Rise Of The Millennial Generation1198 Words   |  5 Pagesmillennial generation has essentially based their views on who is running for office rather than their initial beliefs on certain political issues. Americans must be able to voice their opinions to the government on issues that they believe are important. Topics like the ISIS Crisis, Immigration Reform, legalization of marijuana, and gun control must be talked about. The most recent terrorism act that America has witnessed is from the Islamic group, ISIS. The Islamic State in Iraq and Syria is an extremistRead MoreThe Legalization Of Marijuana1123 Words   |  5 PagesThis proposal would eliminate marijuana from the Control Substance Act and it would no longer be categorized as a Schedule 1 substance. 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Establish Credibility: What makes me so passionate about giving this speech are the live human studies I conducted with my friends and mainly on myself over the last 13 years or so. Central Idea: We must act together in making the new generation of CongressRead MoreArgumentive Essay1121 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Argumentative Essay Legalization of Marijuana Ashley Bassett Eng. 1301 Instructor: Pam Hesser pg.1 The recreational use of Marijuana should be legalized. According to the New York Times The social costs of the marijuana laws are vast. There were 658,000 arrests for marijuana possession in 2012, according to F.B.I. Figures compared with 256,000 for cocaine, heroin and their derivatives. Even worse, the result is racist, falling disproportionately on young

Langston Hughes Dream Variations Free Essays

Langston Hughes, an extraordinary figure in the Harlem Renaissance when many African writers and poets emerged (Poquette), shows his style and personal characteristics through his poem â€Å"Dream Variations† Written in 1924 when the Back to Africa movement was gaining strength. This poem is used to describe Hughes’ dream, which many say may be to return to Africa. During this time, African Americans still did not have respect in America and Africa to Hughes was a warm and inviting place. We will write a custom essay sample on Langston Hughes: Dream Variations or any similar topic only for you Order Now There is no rhythmic structure to this poem. The poem’s structure is similar to that of blues music, with the first, second, and fourth lines of each stanza parallel each other in that they each have four syllables, while the third is extended and longer to build an emotional climax. Like many of Hughes’ poems, â€Å"Dream Variations† is mainly written for children to encourage them and stress the possibilities life holds. This poem was very understandable and easy to read with simple sentences and words.This was written in that manner so that uneducated people or younger people could feel equal to everyone else, no less. From beginning to end Langston Hughes he uses the same words but gives them different meaning. The poem’s tone transforms during the poem. â€Å"To whirl and to dance† (Line 3) and â€Å"Till the white day is done† (Line 4) use the same words whirl, dance, day as in lines 12 and 13. In the later lines the speakers tone is harsher, frantic and turns into a command. Dance! † (Line 12) is a command unlike how in line 3 it sounds as though the speaker is dancing to rejoice and celebrate. The poem in the beginning is very calm and just going through the motions but later on the speaker realizes that life is running out and each day is passing by. The reference of darkness and night in positive terms can actually be considered a subtle celebration of African Americans. In all of Hughes’ poems he creates pictures of pride in blackness.The main theme of this pofem though, it to reach for your dreams everyday and do not take for granted time because before you know it, it may be over. Hughes was mostly liked as a poet by the critics and they believed he had good ideas. Most of his poetry was about dreams. As a true Renaissance man, he was strating a new wave: a wave of African Poets and writers and many critics respected that. In short, Potamkin believed the blues could be made into good poetry if an author put his original ideas into his work, but he did not think that Hughes added enough of himself.In the words of Theodore R. Hudson, reviewing Hughes’s last book of poetry in the CLA Journal, â€Å"His message is both valid and valuable.Work Cited Uma Kukathas, Critical Essay on â€Å"Dream Variations,† in Poetry for Students, The Gale Group, 2002. Ryan D. Poquette, Critical Essay on â€Å"Dream Variations,† in Poetry for Students, The Gale Group, 2002 â€Å"Dream Variations. † Poetry for Students. Ed. Anne Marie Hacht. Vol. 15. Detroit: Gale Group, 2002. 40-53. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 28 May 2010. How to cite Langston Hughes: Dream Variations, Papers

Legal Environment of Business Case study and Questions Essay Example

Legal Environment of Business Case study and Questions Paper Where there is no law in place old cases are used to determine the ruling. Common law in the United States originated from the British. 8. Stare decides provides stability because judges, on current cases, must follow similar rulings in previous cases. When the rulings on similar cases remain the same over time, stability and uniformity are created. Case Review 2. Yes, the plaintiff is correct. Tort law must be abided by. The argument is specifically related to a tort law and not the Atomic energy act. When looking at the intentions of the Atomic Energy Act there was no intent within this to nullify any of the states laws already in place. 4. In this case an intern failed to properly strap a patient down when performing a medical examination. The patient fell and is suing the hospital for negligence while the hospital is claiming its a matter of a medical claim. If it considered a medical claim a maximum amount of time has already passes making the case illegitimate. The difference of opinion in case must force the courts to review similar cases in the past. Because there is no specific law or statue in the case the courts must look at the legislative history of statues and similar cases in the past. 5. Yes, lower courts must first decide a statue to be unconstitutional before going up to higher courts to be ultimately ruled UN-constitutional. Only the supreme court of the United States had the authority to determine if a law is unconstitutional. We will write a custom essay sample on Legal Environment of Business Case study and Questions specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Legal Environment of Business Case study and Questions specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Legal Environment of Business Case study and Questions specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer